Phloretin: A Multifaceted Natural Compound with Promising Applications

Phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone found abundantly in apples, pears, strawberries, and other fruits, has garnered significant attention for its diverse biological activities and wide-ranging applications. As a polyphenolic compound, it serves as the aglycone of phlorizin and is renowned for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory, and glucose-regulating properties,as a versatile ingredient in healthcare, cosmetics, and functional foods.

Key Benefits and Mechanisms of Action

1. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
   Phloretin exhibits potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies highlight its anti-inflammatory effects, such as suppressing NF-κB signaling and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in gut inflammation models. It also maintains epithelial tight junction integrity, making it a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

2. Glucose Regulation and Diabetes Management
   Phloretin inhibits glucose transporters (SGLT1, SGLT2, and GLUT1), reducing intestinal glucose absorption and renal reabsorption. This mechanism lowers blood glucose levels without inducing hypoglycemia, offering a natural strategy for diabetes management. Clinical studies demonstrate its ability to reduce postprandial blood glucose by up to 57.8% in diabetic models, positioning it as a promising nutraceutical.

3. Anticancer Potential
   Research reveals phloretin’s ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells (e.g., melanoma and leukemia) and inhibit tumor proliferation by modulating pathways like PKC and mitochondrial membrane potential. Its role in blocking reactive carbonyl species further underscores its chemopreventive potential.

4. Skin Health and Cosmetic Applications
   In skincare, phloretin is celebrated for its ability to inhibit melanogenesis, reduce hyperpigmentation, and enhance moisture retention. Formulations like Skinceuticals’ Phloretin CF Serum combine it with vitamin C and ferulic acid to improve skin texture, reduce wrinkles, and protect against UV-induced damage.

Applications Across Industries

• Pharmaceuticals: Investigated for treating diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and cancer due to its targeted modulation of cellular pathways.

• Cosmetics: Integrated into serums, creams, and sunscreens for anti-aging and skin-brightening effects.

• Functional Foods: Explored as a natural additive to enhance antioxidant capacity and regulate metabolic health6.

• Research Tools: Used in biochemical studies to inhibit glucose transporters and urea channels, facilitating cellular and molecular research.