Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis retinoic acid, is an oral pharmaceutical drug primarily used to treat cystic acne. Rarely, it is also used to prevent certain skin cancers (squamous-cell carcinoma), and in the treatment of other cancers. It is used to treat harlequin-type ichthyosis, a usually lethal skin disease, and lamellar ichthyosis. It is a retinoid, meaning it is related to vitamin A, and is found in small quantities naturally in the body. Its isomer, tretinoin, is also an acne drug.

Isotretinoin,  is a derivative of vitamin A. Isotretinoin is a potent synthetic retinoid primarily used to treat severe acne (such as cystic acne). Due to its potency, Isotretinoin is typically available as a prescription medication rather than a cosmetic ingredient.

Benefits:

1. Oil Control: Isotretinoin significantly reduces sebum production, addressing oily skin at its root.

2. Anti-inflammatory: Isotretinoin has potent anti-inflammatory properties, reducing redness and pain caused by acne.

3. Cell Renewal: Promotes skin cell turnover, helping to unclog pores and reduce the formation of blackheads and whiteheads.

4. Scar Improvement: Long-term use can reduce the formation of acne scars and improve skin texture.

Uses:

1. Severe Acne Treatment: Isotretinoin is primarily used to treat severe acne that does not respond to conventional therapies.

2. Skin Regeneration: In some cases, Isotretinoin is also used to address skin issues caused by photoaging or acne.

3. Medical Aesthetics: Under medical supervision, Isotretinoin can improve skin texture and reduce scarring.

Precautions:

1. Side Effects: May cause side effects such as dry skin, peeling, and sensitivity. In severe cases, it may lead to liver dysfunction or mood changes.

2. Pregnancy Risk: Strictly prohibited for pregnant women or those planning pregnancy, as it can cause severe birth defects.

3. Sun Protection: Sunscreen is essential during use, as the skin becomes more sensitive to UV damage.

4. Regular Monitoring: Long-term use requires regular blood tests to monitor liver function and lipid levels.